Loneliness is an indicator of social well-being and pertains to the feeling of missing an intimate relationship (emotional loneliness) or missing a wider social network (social loneliness). The 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale has proved to be a valid and reliable measurement instrument for overall, emotional, and social loneliness, although its length has sometimes rendered it difficu...

Preregistration has been proposed as a useful method for making publicly verifiable distinction between confirmatory hypothesis tests, which involve planned tests of ante hoc hypotheses, and exploratory unplanned post hypotheses. This is thought to be important because it that provide more compelling results (less uncertain, less tentative, open bias) than tests. In this article, we challenge p...

We developed a blood spot test for syphilis antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technology. Dried blood was eluted by buffered saline or, for a supplementary confirmatory test, by treponemal-antibody test diluent. Eluates were diluted in an absorption buffer (Calypte Biomedical, Berkeley, Calif.) and added to plate wells coated with cardiolipin antigen (ADI Diagnostics, Tor...